Trichloroethylene (TCE) in Drinking Water

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile organic compound that was widely used as an industrial solvent for metal degreasing, and as an ingredient in adhesives, paint removers, and spot cleaners. For decades, it was one of the most commonly used industrial chemicals in the United States, and its improper disposal has left a legacy of contaminated groundwater at thousands of sites across the country. TCE is found at more Superfund sites than almost any other contaminant -- the EPA has identified it at over 1,000 National Priorities List sites.

TCE is classified as a known human carcinogen. Long-term exposure through drinking water has been linked to kidney cancer, liver cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Beyond cancer, TCE exposure affects the central nervous system (causing headaches, dizziness, and cognitive impairment), damages the liver and kidneys, and impairs immune function. Recent research has also established a strong link between TCE exposure and cardiac birth defects when pregnant women are exposed during early pregnancy. The EPA set the MCLG at zero, acknowledging that no level of TCE is considered safe.

TCE contamination tends to be concentrated around current and former industrial sites, military bases, and dry cleaning operations. Because TCE is denser than water, it sinks to the bottom of aquifers and creates persistent contamination plumes that can migrate long distances over decades. If you live near a known Superfund site, former industrial area, military installation, or dry cleaner, your groundwater may be affected. TCE is volatile, meaning it can also enter your home through vapor intrusion -- evaporating from contaminated groundwater into your basement and indoor air.