Drinking Water Contaminants
The EPA regulates over 90 contaminants in public drinking water under the Safe Drinking Water Act. For each contaminant, the EPA sets a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) -- the highest concentration legally allowed in public water systems -- and a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), the level at which no known health effects occur. Below are the most important contaminants to understand as a homeowner, including how they enter your water, their health effects, and what you can do about them.
Inorganic Chemicals
Lead
Delays in physical or mental development in infants and children; kidney problems and high blood pressure in adults
Arsenic
Skin damage; circulatory system problems; increased risk of cancer
Nitrate
Infants below the age of six months could become seriously ill (blue baby syndrome); shortness of breath
Copper
Short-term: gastrointestinal distress. Long-term: liver or kidney damage
Fluoride
Bone disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); children may get mottled teeth
Chromium
Allergic dermatitis
Organic Chemicals
PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances)
Increased risk of certain cancers (kidney, testicular); thyroid disease; immune system suppression; reproductive and developmental effects; increased cholesterol levels
Atrazine
Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems
Trichloroethylene (TCE)
Liver problems; increased risk of cancer
Disinfection Byproducts
Radionuclides
Microorganisms
Check Your Water Quality
Enter your ZIP code to see EPA violation data and contaminant levels for your local water supply.